Introduction: Lithium batteries, known for their rechargeable nature, require robust protection mechanisms due to inherent characteristics that make them susceptible to overcharging, overdischarging, overcurrent, short circuits, and extreme temperatures during charge and discharge cycles. This necessitates the integration of intricate protection circuits and current control devices.
Protection Functions of Lithium Batteries: The protection of lithium batteries is typically achieved through a combination of a protection circuit board and devices such as PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) components. The protection board, comprised of electronic circuits, monitors cell voltage and charging/discharging circuit current in an environment spanning from -40°C to +85°C. It regulates the current circuit promptly, ensuring the battery's safety. PTC components act as a defense against high-temperature damage.
Components of a Standard Lithium Battery Protection Board: A typical protection board includes a control IC, MOS switch, resistors, capacitors, and auxiliary devices such as fuses, PTCs, NTCs, IDs, and memory modules. The control IC manages the MOS switch, allowing the cell and external circuit connection under normal conditions. If cell voltage or loop current surpass predefined values, the IC swiftly disconnects the circuit, ensuring cell safety.
Applications of 48V Lithium Batteries: 48V lithium batteries are classified based on raw materials into ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and lithium titanate batteries. These versatile power sources find applications in various sectors, including electric low-speed vehicles, communication base station backup batteries, mobile tower backup power supplies, server room backup power supplies, UPS backup power supplies, RV energy storage batteries, and automobile hybrid batteries.
Advantages of 48V Lithium Batteries: Despite the relatively higher cost compared to lead-acid batteries, 48V lithium batteries offer a remarkable advantage with a service life 2-3 times longer than their counterparts. Additionally, they boast significantly smaller volume and weight, outperforming lead-acid batteries in terms of efficiency and space utilization. As a result, lithium batteries are gradually replacing lead-acid batteries across diverse industries, including communication base stations, electric low-speed vehicles, and RV energy storage systems.
Conclusion: As the global shift towards sustainable and efficient energy solutions intensifies, 48V lithium batteries emerge as a pivotal player, demonstrating superior performance, extended lifespan, and reduced environmental impact compared to traditional lead-acid batteries. The adoption of lithium batteries, especially in low-speed vehicle applications, aligns with environmental initiatives, fostering cleaner and more sustainable energy practices.