Lithium batteries, being rechargeable, require protection due to their inherent characteristics. Their sensitivity to overcharging, over-discharging, overcurrent, short circuits, and extreme temperature variations necessitates the presence of sophisticated protection circuits and current limiters.
Protection Function of Lithium Batteries Typically, the protection function of lithium batteries is achieved through protection circuit boards and PTC devices. These electronic circuits monitor the battery's voltage and the current flow within the charging and discharging circuits, ensuring timely control of circuit operations within a temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. PTC devices safeguard the battery from severe damage in high-temperature environments.
Common components of a lithium battery protection board include control ICs, MOS switches, resistors, capacitors, and auxiliary devices like fuses, PTCs, NTCs, IDs, and memory modules. Under normal conditions, the control IC activates the MOS switch to establish the connection between the battery and the external circuit. However, if the battery voltage or circuit current exceeds predefined thresholds, the control IC promptly deactivates the MOS switch to ensure the battery's safety.
Introduction to Applications of 48V Lithium Batteries 48V lithium batteries are classified into three categories based on their raw materials: ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and lithium titanate batteries.
Common applications of 48V lithium batteries include electric low-speed vehicles, backup batteries for communication base stations, mobile tower backup power supplies, server room backup power supplies, UPS backup power supplies, RV energy storage batteries, and automobile hybrid batteries.
Despite the higher price compared to lead-acid batteries, 48V lithium batteries boast a service life 2-3 times longer. Additionally, their smaller size and lighter weight, along with various other advantageous characteristics, position them as a preferred alternative to lead-acid batteries across industries such as communication base stations, electric low-speed vehicles, and RV energy storage systems. Particularly in the low-speed vehicle sector, there is a growing national initiative to promote the use of lithium batteries to mitigate environmental pollution stemming from lead-acid batteries.